To My Grown Up Son

To My Grown-Up Son or Daughter by Alice E. Chase My hands were busy through the day, I didn’t have much time to play The little games you asked me to, I didn’t have much time for you. I’d wash your clothes; I’d sew and cook, But when you’d bring your picture book And ask me, please, to share your fun, I’d say, â€Å"A little later, hon. † I’d tuck you in all safe at night, And hear your prayers, turn out the light, Then tiptoe softly to the door, I wish I’d stayed a minute more. For life is short, and years rush past, A little boy grows up so fast, No longer is he at your side,His precious secrets to confide. The picture books are put away, There are no children’s games to play, No goodnight kiss, no prayers to hear, That all belongs to yesteryear. My hands once busy, now lie still, The days are long and hard to fill, I wish I could go back and do, The little things you asked me to. To My Grown-Up Mom Your hands we re busy through the day You didn’t have much time to play. The little things I’d ask of you, You took the time to see, to do†¦ You washed my clothes, you’d sew and cook. (The best damn Halloween costumes that town had ever seen, I might add! And when I’d bring my picture book, your dark, thick outlines and perfect strokes had me mesmerized. You tucked me in, all safe at night. Ran your fingers across my temple ’til my eyes shut tight. I do the same for Mika, now. An inherited maternal signature passed on somehow. I wonder, sometimes, if life is really as short as we think it is. I watch the years rush past and don’t have all the answers, yet. But time brings wisdom, wrinkles, and opportunities to learn. I grew out of goodnight kisses and picture books. I can’t hear you creaking across the floor hen I sleep, anymore. No fingers on my temple when I’m tired. My hands are pretty busy, now. Yours are, too. We can’t go ba ck and do the things we used to do. But in this moment I can stop and thank you for your water-soaked raisin fingers (after doing another stack of dishes! ) I can thank you for the Halloween costumes and picture books, the temple rubs and time spent investing in love. I know sometimes it probably wasn’t easy to take and make the time, but every moment counted and I wanted you to know I couldn’t have done it without you.

Literature Review of Waste Management of Masonry Materials

Traditionally burned bricks constitute the basic masonry unit for the building of houses and it is good known that fabrication requires important measures of energy to bring forth burned bricks while using the surface soil. Following are few research documents in field of waste direction sing the facet of granite processing, fly ash bricks and environmental issues. Mamta. B. Rajgor & A ; Jayeshkumar Pitroda[ 1 ] : States that granite rock processing industry produces solid waste in extended amount in legion scopes where its predominant, which is expected to increase as field of building industry raises, Due to the overall production of granite industry has been increasing fleetly in modern times. It is a non-biodegradable waste which can be easy inhaled by worlds and animate beings and is besides harmful to the environment. It is predicted that about 175 million metric tons of granite dust are produced every twelvemonth and about 250-400 million metric tons of granite dust on site, which are significantly immense sum of waste generated. Rania A. Hamza, et.al, [ 2 ] :The aim of this paper is to use marble and granite waste of different sizes in the fabrication of concrete blocks, with full replacing of conventional coarse and all right sums with marble waste scrapings and slurry pulverization of content up to 40 % . The produced bricks are tested for physical and mechanical belongingss harmonizing to the demands of the American Standards for Testing Materials ( ASTM ) and the Egyptian Code. The trial consequences showed that the recycled merchandises have physical and mechanical belongingss that qualify them for usage in the building sector, where all cement brick samples tested in this survey comply with the Egyptian codification demand for structural bricks, with granite slurry has a positive consequence on cement brick samples that reach its optimum at 10 % slurry incorporation. Zhang Ji-Ru and Cao Xing [ 3 ] :Undertook an experimental plan to analyze the person and admixed effects of calcium hydroxide and wing ash on the Geotechnical features of expansive dirt. States that, â€Å"its fictile bound additions by blending calcium hydroxide, the liquid bound, and malleability lessenings by blending fly ash. Based on these consequences they concluded that the expansive dirt can be successfully stabilized with calcium hydroxide and wing ash. V. Karthikeyan and M. Ponni, [ 4 ] :Studied the use of fly ash in bricks. The fly ash can be fruitfully utilized for fabrication of bricks by integrating fly-ash, sand, calcium hydroxide and gypsum. The utile proportion found was 25: 4: 70: 1. Tabin Rushad.S, et.al, [ 5 ] :The purpose of the survey is to look into the strength and H2O soaking up feature of fly ash bricks made of calcium hydroxide ( L ) , local dirt ( S ) and fly ash ( FA ) . The trial were experimented both on manus moulded and force per unit area moulded fly ash bricks. It was noted that none of the L-S-FA bricks satisfy all the demands of standard codifications. While some bricks satisfy the commissariats with regard to strength, merely the L-FA ( 40: 60 ) bricks satisfy the demand of Indian Standard Code in regard of strength every bit good as H2O soaking up features. Veena G. Pathan, et.al, [ 6 ] :Sustainability in Concrete Production can be obtained by experimenting in permutations of stuffs used. Use of marble waste pulverization is non really usual idea, and at that place has been merely few research works done on the marble waste. Marble waste is a solid waste stuff generated from the marble processing and can be used either as a filler stuff for cement or all right sums while fixing concrete. It has been utilised as a replacing for all right sums in many literature plants, but this paper reports the feasibleness of the permutation of marble waste for cement to accomplish economic system and protecting environment. The experimental consequence provinces split tensile and compressive strength of concrete can be increased with add-on of waste marble pulverization up to 10 % replace by weight of cement. Earlier research besides indicates that the effects of intermixing marble waste on the belongingss of cement such as consistence, puting clip an d soundness is within the acceptable scope of different criterions. The production of more lasting and cheaper concrete utilizing this waste can work out the ecological and environmental jobs to some extent. F. J. Aukour, [ 7 ] :Suggests, Block fabrication mixtures incorporating the Marble Sludge Powder ( MSP ) have significantly higher compaction strength and low H2O soaking up, the block mixtures incorporating MSP are recommended for building in all its signifiers, in that the best mark market or absorbing and devouring such merchandises is the building field sector. MSP incorporation has positive effects on malleability, shrinking and denseness during all phases of the production procedure, presuming some alterations in the industrial production sector. Elham Khalilzadeh Shirazi, [ 8 ] :States that, In recent old ages big sum of rock waste has been generated in natural and unreal rock industry which has important environmental impacts. To decide these jobs, rock waste in different signifiers could be used in different industrial activities procedure in peculiar building industry and other activities such as glass, gum elastic, pharmacies, paper, ceramics industry, pigments, plastics polymers, fabrics or in articles such as soaps or tapers. Further, it can be used as agribusiness dirt restorative, acerb H2O intervention and dumpsite waterproofing. This paper reveals an overview of current solutions of cut downing environmental and economic disadvantages of this sort of byproduct. Nutan C. Patel, [ 9 ] :The chief aim of this paper is to analyze the production procedure of marble during the production procedure and how much waste is generated during the production procedure such as extraction, boring, transporting, cutting, smoothing & A ; completing. Marble waste is by and large a high polluting waste due to both its high alkalic nature and its processing techniques, which inflicts wellness menace to the environing environment. The preies and processing workss are littered with big sum of waste merchandises from extraction, sawing and smoothing activites. At present, no important attempts are in topographic point to retrieve and recycle the ultrafine CaCO3dust combined in waste slurries of marble processing workss. It can be helpful for sing these chalky atoms as primary or secondary natural stuffs for usage in other production facets, sooner for building intent. Ashish Kumar Parashar, et.al, [ 10 ]:The chief purpose of this paper was to compare the compressive strength of the different bricks, so for this purpose assorted per centum of stuffs were added individually 4 % , 8 % , 12 % & A ; 16 % by weight and so the compressive strength of the bricks was worked out, and so with the aid of graph plotted comparing between compressive strength of bricks are made out of rice chaff, wood ash, clay, wing ash & A ; cement was determined. Before fabricating the bricks, different belongingss of the stuffs ( clay, wood ash, rice chaff, cement & A ; Fly ash ) like screen analysis and specific gravitation were besides checked. After that bricks were made & amp ; sun dried and some bricks were oven dried & A ; so with the aid of Compression Testing Machine ( C.T.M. ) their compressive strength were evaluated. From this trial of this undertaking work it was concluded that the wood ash was that waste stuff, which gave the highest compressive strength. The ef fects of the add-on of rice chaff ( for firing out ) and wood ash alloies by a present – clay mix were besides investigated. The alloy was added in assorted combinations and proportions by weight ( from 4 to 16 % ) . The wood ash alloy, in line with its pozzolanic nature was able to lend in accomplishing denser merchandises with higher compressive strengths, high softening coefficients, low H2O soaking up rates and low impregnation. Niranjan P S Radhakrishna, [ 11 ] :This paper addresses the engineering of Making FaL-G howitzer compressed hollow blocks with low-calcium ( Class F ) dry fly ash as premier stuff. The FaL-G masonry hollow blocks were prepared without utilizing traditional cement. Sand and prey dust were used as all right sum stuffs. The different parametric quantities FaL-G masonry hollow blocks were determined. Experimental consequences province that the FaL-G hollow blocks are suited to be used for the building of masonry constructions. It was found that dry denseness was in the scope of 1.465 to1.654 g/cc, IRA was 3.92 to 4.4 kg/m2/min and H2O soaking up of FaL-G compressed blocks was less than 17.56 % . FaL-G hollow blocks attained considerable strength around 4MPa at the age of 28 yearss to utilize them as masonry units with equal modulus of snap. .Menezes. et.acubic decimeter, [ 12 ] :The waste stuffs, in the signifier of granite sawing wastes, lead to fouling the environment. Studied the word picture of ceramic bricks and tiles, wherein granite sawing wastes from the procedure industries in Paraiba State, Brazil had been used as an option to the ceramic natural stuffs. Surveies have been conducted on denseness, atom size distribution, surface country ( BET ) , chemical composing, thermic analysis ( DTA and TGA ) , phase analysis ( XRD ) , and microstructural analysis ( SEM ) of the above mentioned waste to find its suitableness of usage. It has been reported that the physical and mineralogical features of granite wastes were similar to the conventional ceramic natural stuffs. The work, reportedly produced bricks and tiles which comprised of waste stuffs and ceramic natural stuffs. It was concluded that the technological features of the Brazilian criterions were met by the ceramic organic structures. S.K. Malhotra et.al [ 13 ] : Probes were carried out by]into the development of bricks from granulated blast furnace scoria, which is a byproduct from Fe and steel industry. In their survey it has been suggested that by pressing slag-lime mixture and sand mix at a force per unit area of 50 kg/cm2and after 28 yearss of humid hardening at ambient temperature, good quality bricks can be produced. The compressive strength of the bricks has been reported to be in the scope of 8 – 15 MPa. It was concluded that the production of scoria based bricks consumes less energy compared to conventional burned clay bricks or Ca silicate bricks. Torres et.al [ 14 ] :Concerns with the usage of granite wastes obtained in the signifier of sludge from granite cutting industry. On incorporation and subsequent word picture of granite wastes into the batch preparations of porcelain tiles it has been observed that extruded bars or pellets with H2O soaking up of 0.07 % and bending strength greater than 50 MPa can be produced. The maximal possible permutation of sludge for felspar has besides been investigated. The experimental study shows, with suited granite sludge incorporation porcelain tiles with superior belongingss can be produced. It was reported that incorporation of sludge had negligible consequence on malleability, shrinking and denseness during all phases of the tile production procedure, presuming no alterations in the industrial production line. 2.2 Brief Summary of Literature Review By all the above diaries which are surveyed, the construct of waste direction is taken as premier issues and has been considered to carry through the present undertaking work. The diaries discussed predict that the reusing & A ; recycling for cut downing the disposal jobs as a major solution for waste direction. Hence, if fly ash can used for bring forthing fly ash bricks, the same construct can be adapted for minimising the disposal jobs for granite sludge waste which is generated as 30 % of granite rock processing. So hence in our undertaking analysis Granite sludge waste, sand, gypsum & A ; lime are used to make a new masonry block known as Granite sludge masonry blocks. Different proportions are used in fabrication of fly ash bricks, by utilizing Fly ash, sand, limestone & A ; gypsum sometimes. Percentage of H2O used is besides varied by different research workers, so per centum of H2O taken in our undertaking analysis is 4 % of entire mass as used by CBRI in their analysis for b ring forthing fly ash bricks. The CBRI ( the Central edifice research institute ) Roorkee has used Fly Ash 40 – 50 % Sand 50 – 40 % , Lime 10 % & A ; 4 % H2O by sing entire mass for fixing fly as bricks. Hence Forth in our undertaking analysis we will be utilizing granite sludge waste pulverization 20 – 70 % , sand 70 – 20 % , lime 8 % , gypsum 2 % & A ; 4 % H2O by sing entire mass for fixing granite sludge blocks. Various physical & A ; mechanical belongingss will be tested for above mix proportions for granite sludge blocks in our undertaking survey. Problem Context Granite rocks have huge application in the field of building due to their nature of beginning. Some of it applications are for size rock masonry, granite flooring slabs, as harsh sum in concrete and etc. During the procedure of fabricating granite flooring slabs which are used for shocking intent in commercial and residential edifices, approximately 30 % waste is generated in assorted processing activities This granite sludge waste generated has negative impact to Mother Nature. Hence reuse of this stuff demand to be considered to minimise the disposal jobs of granite sludge. 3.2 Problem Definition In this experimental survey, strength and other required parametric quantities are evaluated by fixing Granit sludge masonry blocks utilizing granite sludge pulverization, sand, calcium hydroxide and gypsum in changing mix proportions, by maintaining in position fly ash bricks as chief mention. Granite sludge pulverization is collected from local granite rock processing unit and other stuffs are purchased from local market. The trials are conducted in order to analyze the strength features such as compressive strength and flexural strength. Besides lastingness belongingss such as H2O soaking up and flower are to be studied. The consequences obtained will be transverse cheeked with IS code specifications Our Earth’s top most layer crust constitutes about 70 % of granite, which is formed by pyrogenic stone type. Igneous stones are formed by chilling of magma on the surface or crust bed of the Earth. Granite stone is by and large liquefied crystalline mineral construction which is easy seeable to our bare oculus. Granite rock has oppressing strength of more than 100 N/mm2; due to this belongings its application is huge in field of building. Its primary use is for size rock masonry and as flooring slabs, and besides beyond which secondary merchandises like coarse sum and M-sand ( all right sums ) are besides immensely used in many applications such as in concrete, railroad ballast and etc. In our present survey we have concentrated on granite sludge pulverization which consequences in treating activities of granite rock for shocking slabs such as cutting, smoothing & A ; completing procedure. This contributes of approximately 30 % wastage in these procedures, which is non-biodegradable waste. From above tabular array it clearly shows that prevailing mineral in granite stone is silica in signifier of Si di oxide, which plays of import function in strength addition in concrete. And besides the major cause for making Silicosis disease. 4.1.2. Fine sum Sand is of course happening farinaceous stuff composed of finely divided stone & A ; minerals fragments. The content of sand is extremely variable, depending on the local stone beginnings & A ; conditions, but the most common component is silica ( silicon di oxide, or SiO2) normally in the signifier of vitreous silica. Locally available natural river sand go throughing through 4.75mm & A ; retained on 150 micrometer IS screen was used as all right sum in our survey for fixing granite sludge blocks, which will be used as filler stuff in changing mix publicities in our survey. Basic belongingss like specific gravitation trial & A ; fineness modulus by sieve analysis trial was performed for natural river sand used in our survey Calcium hydroxide Lime as adhering stuff has been made usage since antediluvian times in our state. But at present, the cement revolutionist has replaced use of calcium hydroxide to great extent. And on other manus, bookmans say that the industry of cement leads to Global heating. Hence, in this present survey locally available calcium hydroxide of class-c ( hydrous calcium hydroxide ) IS 712:1984 specifications are collected & A ; used as a binding agent apart from cement. In our present survey to run out the H2O nowadays in hydrous calcium hydroxide, we have adopted sand drain method. Where a bed of sand is laid on the land surface over which the hydrous calcium hydroxide is spread over the sand bed and left overnight. After which the H2O in hydrated calcium hydroxide will be drained out and thick fat calcium hydroxide will be available for its use. Categorization of edifice calcium hydroxideClass A – hydraulic calcium hydroxide for structural intents.Class B – semi-hydraulic calcium hydroxide for lime concrete, plaster underseal & A ; masonry howitzer.Class C – fat calcium hydroxide for composite howitzer and for completing coat in daubing.Class D – for completing coat in white lavation and daubing, dwelling of Mg or dolomite calcium hydroxide.Class E – kankar calcium hydroxide.Class F – silicious dolomitic calcium hydroxide for underseal and completing coat of plaster.4.1.4. Gypsum Gypsum is a of course happening mineral of sedimentary stone class which constitute of hydrous sulfate of Ca. Property of gypsum is such it has really hapless solubility in H2O, which sets and hardens rapidly. Its initial scene clip is about 4 – 6 proceedingss and concluding scene is about 30 proceedingss. Gypsum of high pureness is by and large used as fertiliser in our state, such as ammonium sulfate fertiliser and low pureness in fabrication of ordinary Portland cement to move as a retarder, commanding puting clip of cement. Here low pureness gypsum is used as retarding agent in the mix proportions of granite sludge blocks. Categorization of mineral gypsum based on purenessType-1: Plaster for surgical industry.Type-2: As ammonium sulfate for fertiliser industry.Type-3: For clayware industry ( chinaware ) .Type-4: As retarding agent for cement industry.

Blaming Khrushchev for the Cuban Missile Crisis Is Wrong

Blaming khrushchev for the Cuban missile crisis is wrong, for it is kennedy who precipitated the crisis and no one else. Cuban missile crisis does not consist only the placement of missiles in cuba , but also the things before it, cubas nationalization of industries ,like the bop, the embargoes , the soviet giving of aid to ussr, Subject: outbreak / origins of the Cuban missile crisis Focus: role of superpower involvement Timeframe : 1959 to 1962 Keyterms to note: precipitation of crisis Arguments 1. Khrushchev was to be blamed as well as kennedy 2. Only krushchev should be blamed The personalities of who was to be blamed for the Cuban missile crisis can be traced as one looks at the events in th1950s which led to Cubas deteriorating relations with the USA and its subsequent alignment with the USSR, which led to the placement of missiles in Cuba and the consequent tensions that followed. This relations has its origins in the quest for self interest by newly elected leader, Fido Castro, as while as search for national security by both superpowers from the tension passed down from the cold war in Europe ( qualify). Kennedys search for national security precipitated the crisis when his search translated into actions that directly went against Cuba and pushed Cuba away from the US and into support of the USSR. Kennedy failed to consider that Castros intention to establishing diplomatic relations with the USSR was not to antagonize the US or threaten its national security but mostly for economic benefits. ( the US had earlier refused to grant a loan to Cuba and there were continuing disputes over American property in Cuba). This failure to interpret events correctly led US on its intense quest for national security by instituting economic embargoes on Cuba and direct intervention as seen in the Bay of Pigs invasion. However, such actions were needlessly aggressive for its national security was not threatened in the first place. This however caused a deep rift in the US-soviet relations which was an opportunity for USSR to gain a foothold in the Caribbean ; and thus allowed the opportunity for issiles to be placed on Cuba and arising to the tensions that followed. Khrushchev had a part to play in the Cuba missile crisis as well because his action of giving aid to Cuba, a traditional backyard of the USSR, further fuelled the already intense mistrust the US had of the USSR; eventually cumulating in the Cuban missile crisis, leaving Cuba on the edge of brinkmanship. The role of Castro in starting economic reforms directly affecting American industries also contributed to the US suspicions in the crisis. His actions of turning to the USSR for economic aid ( even though he was not communist) also reinforced US perceptions, and his final agreement for missiles to be placed in Cuba (although he knew the implications of doing so) was the ultimate trigger for USs knee-jerk response and the subsequent tensions that followed. Kennedys misinterpretation of Castros actions ( aligning close to the USSR)-as threatening its national security- stemmed from his perception of monolithic communist aggression and the loss of china to communism. communism expousedeventual showdown and triumph over capitalism. Communism has already extended to parts outside Europe such as China, and as such national insecurity has grown; thus the need to safeguard their national security. This misinterpretation of Castros actions , coupled with Kennedys inexperience in dealing with world affairs, caused the US to embark on its quest for national security through economic embargoes on Cuba the initial bay of pigs as a direct intervention . However, such actions were needlessly aggressive for its national security was not threatened in the first place when castros intentions were for economic benefits rather than to deliberately antagonize the US. Furthermore, due to his inexperience,Instead of turning to diplomatic action, kennedy set on the institution of a military solution (With the aim was to oust Castro from power and to reverse the effects of the reforms) caused Castros fear of more direct American intervention ( demonstrated by the case of Guatamalan) and the desire for military protection in anticipation of it and to seek protection from future efforts to unseat his revolution. This further motivated Castros shift to the USSR and his subsequent nationalizing of American owned industries, banks, etc, which created the conditions for the Cuban missile crisis to happen. Castros shift to the USSR directly coincided with Khrushchevs quest for a successful foreign policy and need to address nuclear strategic imbalance. Khrushchevs search for USSRs national security could be traced from the need to spread the Solidarity movement worldwide, to extend communist zeal into Cuba so that there would be countries supporting USSR and its line of communism. his need aroused due to events like the humiliation of the Berlin wall and the failed ultimatum over berlin, where the credibility of krushchev (in narrow terms) and Khrushchev( in broad terms) was lost. Krushchev also believed that it was right for soviets to extend their influence into the backyard of the us since the US has extended their influence in Europe. khrushchevwas aware of the weakness of Soviet weakness in terms of the number of nuclear warheads and missiles. Given the weakness of Soviet nuclear capability , placing missiles on cuba could be a quick solution to addressing the strategic imbalance. Khrushchev also had an overtly simplistic view that he must return the same medicine the us had been administering in turkey with the jupiter and thor missiles. thus his action of sending missiles to Cuba. However, the US did not see developments in the way that the USSR did. The US saw the placement of missiles as a provocative and aggressive threat to US security, given that the Soviet missiles could reach major US cities on the eastern coast. The fact that the US had seen Soviet tendencies to lead to aggression against the capitalists from the soviet testing of the atomic bomb, the collaboration with stalin during the nazi soviet pact, and the confrontational Berlin Blockade led the US to think that not only was Cuba turning communist ( that the USSR had indeed extended her sphere of influence and Cuba was a breeding ground for states hostile to the US, followed by states within Latin america), but the placement of missiles would mean a high probability of a pre-emptive first strike from the USSR . Put together with the fact that any changes with the political status qup (with US as a leading political power) would severely undermine the credibility of kennedy and america, and how the US was not prepared to forsake economic interests in Latin America where western Europe can overcome its dollar shortage and pursue economic revival, atop of its search for national security, the uss response was to choose a quarantine. alsothey to produce plans for an American invasion of Cuba and put all American bases around the world on high alert with the expectation that an American nvasion of cuba would provoke a soviet response in Europe. This equated to the intensification of the nuclear arms race when clearly it was dangerous; and led the countries to be on the edge of mutually assured destruction. as it reached crisis level It threatened the existence of the entire world. While it is undeniable that the issue that kickstarted the intensification of the nuclear arms was the soviet placem ent of missiles in cuba, it should be noted that both superpowers played a part in their quest for national security and self-interest. Kennedys perception of monolithic communist aggression led it to its attempts to try to cripple Cuba to prevent it from posing any threat to the US national security through the institution of actions that were needlessly hostile towards Cuba, causing it to turn to the USSR. This granted the USSR the opportunity to place its missiles there to address nuclear strategic parity and to spread the zeal of communism to safeguard its national security; which was again viewed as aggression by the US. This led to the oncoming of the Cuban missile crisis, where the nuclear arms race threatened the existence of the entire world.

Global Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Global Strategy - Essay Example The formation of strategy has to be done very carefully keeping various factors in mind so that the strategy becomes successful and the company gets advantage from it in many ways. In 1980, market guru Michel Porter formulated the five forces focused on the formation of strategy based on the internal and external factors which influences a huge role in the business operation. These five forces are been set up based on the competitors that the company has in the market and these has limited the effectiveness of the strategic management to a great extent. Teece in 2007 defined the strategy formulation as the strategy being the essence of strategy which involves the selection and developing of technologies and the business models that are been built to provide the competitive advantage to the company through by removing the difficulties and thereby providing a competitive edge over the other competitors. For implementing an effective strategy the company needs to follow 6 major steps. These steps are been listed below. Define the organization- The company should know what the company is all about, who are its customers, how the company’s products can create value for the customers and also have a clear idea about the needs and wants of the customers. Define the strategic mission- Based on the knowledge about the company, the customers the company needs to define the mission for the strategy which will include the specific objectives and the goals that the company needs to achieve. Define the strategic objectives- Based on the mission statements the company needs to set up the clear objectives for the employees, these objectives will help them to focus and work towards a particular direction. The strategies implemented by the company are made either deliberately or by the emergence of a strategy from a particular situation. For a particular strategy to be

The Extent to Which Global Warming May Impact the Oceans Biological Research Paper

The Extent to Which Global Warming May Impact the Oceans Biological Systems - Research Paper Example Controlling gas emissions and pollution worldwide has been a critical challenge for governments worldwide. Up to now a series of plans has been developed for securing the limitation of the negative effects of human-related activities on the environment. The results of the relevant efforts seem to be disappointing. In many cases, this failure has been related to the lack of funds for the support of the relevant programs. However, such claim could not be accepted especially since schemes have been developed at the international level for securing the funding of these plans by all countries, according to their economic performance. At this point, the following question appears: how climate changes tend to be continuously increased, at international level, even if the measures taken by most governments are extended? It should be noted that the literature developed in regard to this subject may not always refer directly to global warming but rather to climate change and its effects on the ocean’s biological systems. This is because global warming is considered as closely related to climate change, even as an aspect of climate change, so the emphasis is often given to climate change in general and not specifically to global warming. It is implied that the assumptions made after the relevant research are also related to global warming. It is proved that, indeed, global warming is able to impact these systems. Then, the exact consequences of global warming on the ocean’s biological system are checked and analyzed. It is revealed that the role of global warming on the alteration of ocean’s biochemistry, as related to the ocean’s biological systems, is higher than expected.  Moreover, no signs seem to exist for the limitation of the phenomenon. Instead, the research deve loped in this field indicates the continuous decrease of the ocean’s marine organisms and the continuous deterioration of the ocean’s overall biological systems.  

The Broadband market in Italy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Broadband market in Italy - Research Paper Example In the third quarter of 2008 the broadband market subscribers was approximately 18 percent of the population. Italy has consistently been ranked as one of the countries with the lowest broadband penetration in Europe, the country lacked cable and DSL infrastructure and therefore market penetration was considerably low. The entry of other firms in the industry led into an increase in penetration and in 2005 Italy recorded the highest growth of broadband in Europe. Population growth rates in Italy have been decreasing over the last several years with current rates near zero. Major cities are densely populated and most of the population lives in flats and blocks that make FTTH and DSL more appropriate to provide broadband services. Vigevano(2002) pointed out that there were some barriers to the penetration of broadband in Italy and they included digital divide and lack of competition, this means that in rural area, broadband services were less profitable and therefore majority of the providers concentrated more in urban area. Government has not typically concerned itself with encouraging more s ophisticated use of the internet such as online transactions, and focus on European Computer Driving Licence(ECDL) provided to teachers, government employees, students this leads to increasing the awareness and skills of individuals. Vigevano(2002) points out that there are some barriers to the penetration of broadband in Italy, some of the factors that he highlighted include lack of capital to improve infrastructure, this hinders the growth of broadband in Italy. ... pointed out that there were some barriers to the penetration of broadband in Italy and they included digital divide and lack of competition, this means that in rural area, broadband services were less profitable and therefore majority of the providers concentrated more in urban area. Government has not typically concerned itself with encouraging more sophisticated use of the internet such as online transactions, and focus on European Computer Driving Licence(ECDL) provided to teachers, government employees, students this leads to increasing the awareness and skills of individuals. Vigevano(2002) points out that there are some barriers to the penetration of broadband in Italy, some of the factors that he highlighted include lack of capital to improve infrastructure, this hinders the growth of broadband in Italy. He also pointed out that there are regulatory issues that pose uncertainty regarding rights; another problem is digital divide whereby there is high adoption of broadband in certain area and in others low adoption and therefore firms concentrate only in large cities. According to House (2001) the shape of the S curve depends on the time period and saturation level and that the saturation level is less than 100%, he also states that saturation is driven by both the supply side and demand side, saturation level depends on the appropriateness of the technology and Economies of scale reducing prices increasing level of acceptance to peak. Estimated Level of Saturation The chart below summarises Penetration rate of Broadband in Italy from 2001-2008 Diagram 1: From the chart it is evident that broadband users(households and business) per 100 individuals has gradually increased over the years, it is also evident that in 2001 to 2002 is the introduction

Domestic Violence During Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Domestic Violence During Pregnancy - Essay Example Domestic Violence during Pregnancy Introduction Like many other problems that people face across the world, there must be a reason to why domestic violence happens in various homes. Domestic violence as amongst serious problem that are common in many homes, leads to the occurrence of other problems, which have negative impacts on family members, especially the mother and children (Hester, 2007). This discussion will consider the causes domestic violence, the impacts of domestic violence on both pregnant women and the unborn or newborn babies, and the prevention measures for domestic violence. Overview People have acknowledged domestic violence as among the most severe problems to the health of married women. However, pregnant women experience more impacts from domestic violence than normal women do because of a number of complications due to pregnancy. According to the Center for Disease Control, domestic violence during pregnancy refers to sexual, physical, emotional violence that p regnant women experience, especially from their husbands (Huth-Bocks, Levendosky, & Bogat, 2010). Research has shown that pregnant women have a higher likelihood of experiencing physical violence from their husbands than normal women do. Domestic violence harms women more than other problems, such as hypertension, diabetes, and other serious health complications do. It has serious effects on both infant and maternal health because injury to the breasts, genitals, and abdomen are common during pregnancy. Therefore, domestic violence is a significant factor that leads to high proportions of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Commonly, domestic violence during pregnancy can lead to fetal fractures, placental separation, prenatal hemorrhage, preterm labor, and rupture of the uterine walls. Domestic violence can indirectly affect the health of the pregnant mother and her unborn baby negatively because the mother can eat well as well or seek antenatal care (Estrellado, 2010). Nursing care considerations related to domestic violence assessment Domestic violence during pregnancy has become a severe problem, which affects both social and public health. Therefore, advanced practice physicians and nurses who help in providing the prenatal care play a vital role in identifying, diagnosing, and treatment for pregnant mothers facing domestic violence. In a number of hospitals, physicians and nurses are screening expectant mothers for domestic violence during the time of delivery, which is usually late for screening because in most cases, domestic violence takes place earlier (Estrellado, 2010). It is significant to for health institutions to implement a plan of screening expectant women during the prenatal visits, and give them necessary interventions. Such interventions include education about domestic violence and providing the expectant mothers with information on local resources like domestic violence centers and shelters. Expectant women should obtain a nu mber of resources, such as shoe cards and Domestic Violence Survivor’s Guide from health institutions (Estrellado, 2010). The shoe cards bear the phone numbers and names of the local agencies that are resourceful to domestic violence victims. These cards also bear information concerning safety measures. Domestic

Critically discuss whether birth control is good or bad Essay

Critically discuss whether birth control is good or bad - Essay Example The figure below indicates the projected growth rate for the global population. These growth rates have prompted government officials to consider the importance of birth control measures. For many countries, these control measures have already been put in place. The controversy with these measures relate to political, social, and economic considerations for various countries (Worldometers, 2012). This paper will now consider the controversy using various perspectives, including scientific analysis to determine whether or not birth control is good or bad. This paper is being undertaken in order to establish a basis for making decisions on the issue, for policy-makers and for the citizens of the world. Body In general, birth control or contraception is a means of preventing or avoiding pregnancy via artificial methods including the use of condoms and birth control pills or through the use of natural methods like abstinence (Crossway, 2012). The more common and more effective methods in clude: condoms, diaphragm, pills, chemical patches, intrauterine devices, surgical sterilization, and in some extreme cases, surgical abortion. Traditionally, most Christian religions have condemned artificial contraception because they believe that it is against the will of God and that it has potentially moral implications on the unborn foetus (Crossway, 2012). In later years, many of these religions have shifted in their position, accepting some artificial means of contraception as essential methods needed in population control (Crossway, 2012). To date, the Roman Catholic Church still condemns the artificial methods of contraception because they believe that these methods bring harm to the female body and that these methods are tantamount to the killing of an unborn child. Deciding whether or not birth control is good or bad is based on various considerations, mostly in relation to the actual effect of contraception on the body as well as its social and political implications. F irst and foremost, the natural methods of contraception are relatively good, mostly because they work well in preventing pregnancies and they do not impact negatively on the female body (Crossway, 2012). They are also reversible, free, and safe methods of contraception. These methods also do not require surgery, chemicals or other drugs. They can also be used with other methods of contraception. The issue of planning and discipline are the most important hurdles which couples often face with this method because they may not always be disciplined in avoiding intercourse during fertile periods; moreover, their plans in avoiding pregnancy may be subject to human error (Borgman, 2005). Nevertheless, despite these issues, natural forms of birth control are relatively beneficial for couples. Artificial birth control methods however are more controversial because of their moral and medical implications (Borgman, 2005). In general, these forms of contraception are very much effective in pre venting pregnancies; and in the end, they help accomplish the primary goal of controlling the population. One of these artificial methods of contraception is the hormone-based birth control. This hormone-based birth control can cause side-effects on the woman, including headache and nausea (Borgman, 2005). However, for some women, switching brands of birth control can help relieve

Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper - Essay Example The article’s argument that entrepreneurs should have, â€Å"the will to conquer: the impulse to fight, to prove oneself superior to others, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success, but of success itself† exaggerates the true nature of a successful entrepreneur (33). This is because the environment and the goals that an entrepreneur has set determine the level of the will applied and the willingness to fight. Wedgwood plays his role as an entrepreneur through application of the skills of hard work, focus, obsessive, demanding and intellectually curious (7). He had a vision of pioneering innovations that would enhance the status of entrepreneurship. Commencing the entrepreneurship skills at 11 shows Wedgwood’s potential of becoming a great entrepreneur in future. He overcame many challenges that threatened his quest to enhance his entrepreneurship prowess. This implies that the urge to become a successful entrepreneur should not be limited by any for m of challenges including disabilities. This is because entrepreneurial innovations can never be successful unless they overcome life challenges. Possession of a weakened knee due to small pox he suffered during his early childhood implied that Wedgwood could not turn a Potter’s wheel (8). In fact, he had to watch as his knee was amputated without the help of anaesthetics after it hampered his ability to apply and harness his entrepreneurial skills. The courage to have even his own body organ eliminated due to its negative impact on his life passion implies that he has the ability to overcome any challenges in the enhancement of his entrepreneurial skills. However, this could be unsustainable if the challenges being eliminated are ethical and beneficial to other people. Entrepreneurship is a passion that is not limited by time constraints. Entrepreneurs should apply their skills and expertise at a tender age. Although the article represents the rhetoric of a successful entrep reneur, it is crucial to point out that successful entrepreneurs do not always wait to attain a certain age period for them to venture into business i.e. 24 years in Wedgwood’s case (7). The fact that he started being a potter at the age of 11 implies that Wedgwood should have commenced his quest for attainment of his life dream at a younger age. Being a successful entrepreneur does not require sufficient flow of financial resources for commencement. The article stipulates that Wedgewood’s father allocated meagre financial resources in his will but he managed to beat all odds and became a successful entrepreneur. However, this does not imply that resources are not necessary for laying the perfect foundation for the establishment of a successful career and entrepreneurial skills. Availability of resources enables an entrepreneur to acquire the necessary equipment required in enhancing new ideas. It is also imperative for entrepreneurs to collude with other like-minded i nnovators to enhance their entrepreneurship skills. For instance, the article points out that Wedgwood formed a partnership with Thomas Whieldon, an eminent Potter. This enabled him to gain access to experienced potters that provided him with the competent skills in their respective fields. However, one should be careful of the type of people that they partner with because some

Barbara Kruger Contemporary Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Barbara Kruger Contemporary Art - Essay Example The essay "Barbara Kruger Contemporary Art" talks about the Contemporary Art of Barbara Kruger. For instance, in Your Body is a Battleground, Kruger chooses a common font style, which is strongly emphasized against a somewhat monochromatic photo of an attractive woman. However, in this particular work, the woman depicted in the photo is split down the middle, with the left side of her face exhibiting a rosy-colored, somewhat positive expression. The right side of the subject's face is shaded, in a somewhat obscured light, with the artist using a variety of antiquing processes to add further emphasis to the message Kruger is attempting to relay. Further, it is important to identify what specific message is attempting to be sent in this poster image titled Your Body is a Battleground. It is vital to realize that during the latter portion of the 1980's, civil unrest and global demands for independence were being heard around the world. From the fall of the Berlin Wall to radical changes in feminism and women's rights, it is no wonder why Kruger chose to blend contemporary imagery and the written word (usually using red as the font color of choice) to exhibit the pain, suffering, joy, and outright complexity of being a woman in modern times. Having offered this, some individuals viewing Kruger's artwork may consider her attempts at expressing feminism as being somewhat outlandish due to its simplicity. However, using simple materials, such as photography, words, and collage-inspired designs.

The length of an electrically conductive metal wire Essay Example for Free

The length of an electrically conductive metal wire Essay The results of the experiment, however, do not adhere to the direct proportionality relationship predicted in the hypothesis. In the hypothesis a zero value for wire length is predicted to induce a zero value for wire resistance. Intuitively, this should be the case. However, regardless of what linear line of regression one examines from the ones plotted, it is obvious that the experiment indicates the existence of electric resistance even when the wire has no length. This result is indicated through the intersection of the regression curves with positive Y values. The zero length resistance varies from 0. 02 to 0. 0578 ohms. The existence of errors in the experiment, namely systematic ones, may help explain the result. Errors The method for the experiment contained some errors. Some of those are evident when examining the results of the experiment. Others are very small, and did not have a great effect on the final outcomes. The most prominent source of error had to do with the existence of additional resistance in the circuit used. The metal wire used, since it wasnt a wire meant for electrical circuits, naturally offered the greatest resistance to current flow. Nevertheless, the connecting wires also contained some inevitable resistance. Additionally, the ammeter, and power supply also had some internal resistance (the voltmeter did as well, but this is necessary for the procurement of accurate voltage values). Since current flowed through all those, the resistance values obtained did not represent solely the resistance of the metal wire. This probably explains the systematic error foreboded in the conclusion. The existence of resistance in other pieces of apparatus except the metal wire allowed for the possibility of resistance even when the metal wire would have no length. Another source of error existed in the measurement of the wire length used in the circuit. The metal wire used was manipulated to assume a straight form. However, even after it was firmly attached to a table, it was not fully stretched. In some of the cases, it may have bent slightly, making the total wire length greater than what was measured. This could have contributed some additional, and unwanted, resistance to the wire. After all, a longer wire offers more resistance to current flow. Altogether, an addition to the systematic overestimation of the resistance of the metal wire also came from this error source. Though negligible, some error could have sprung from the heating of the wire used. As current was allowed to flow through the metal wire, atoms of the wire collided with the electrons flowing, causing the wire to heat up. If the wire werent allowed to cool down before another measurement was taken, then it would have posed additional resistance to the subsequent current flows, since resistance rises with temperature. Again, the method used in this experiment allowed for the existence of additional resistance in the wire that was not taken into account. Improvements In light of the errors noted, or for the need to perfect other experiments of the same type, improvements to the method can be offered. Firstly, the error involving the length of the metal wire could be minimized in two ways. Either a much more flexible wire could be used for the allowance of a straighter metal wire, or a greater effort could be made to stretch the existent wire so that it is much more straight. In both ways, the length measured for the metal wire would be more representative of the actual length being used. Another improvement could deal with minimizing the existence of additional resistance in the circuit besides that of the metal wire examined. This could be done in several ways. The connecting wires used could be shorter, meaning their resistance would be smaller. A power supply and ammeter with smaller internal resistances could also be used. In either of the cases, additional resistance in the circuit would decrease, and the systematic error in resistance minimized. Finally, though not too necessary, it is possible to improve the experiment by minimizing resistance distortions due to temperature increases. A simple way would be to wait at least 3 minutes between each current flow induced through the wire. This way, the whole circuit together with the wire itself would have time to cool down. Wire temperature would hence not be a factor distorting the resistance values being measured, as it would be more or less the same in all measurements. Nevertheless, it may be that the distortions to resistance values caused by temperature increase are so small that this improvement on the whole is futile. Another minor improvement to the method would be the use of a switch. This way, current flow could be initiated and stopped on demand (i. e. immediately). It would be of course necessary to use a switch that offers little resistance. Otherwise, the current construction of the circuit is preferable.

European Mens Handball Championship Essay Example for Free

European Mens Handball Championship Essay HANDBALL (also known as team handball, Olympic handball or European handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team. The team with the most goals after two periods of 30 minutes[clarification needed] wins. Modern handball is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball (which were more common in the past) and beach handball (also called sandball). American handball and Gaelic handball are completely different sports to team handball. The game is quite fast and includes body contact as the defenders try to stop the attackers from approaching the goal. Contact is only allowed when the defensive player is completely in front of the offensive player, i.e. between the offensive player and the goal. This is referred to as a player sandwich. Any contact from the side or especially from behind is considered dangerous and is usually met with penalties. When a defender successfully stops an attacking player, the play is stopped and restarted by the attacking team from the spot of the infraction or on the nine meter line. Unlike in basketball where players are allowed to commit only 5 fouls in a game (6 in the NBA), handball players are allowed an unlimited number of faults, which are considered good defence and disruptive to the attacking teams rhythm. Goals are scored quite frequently; usually both teams score at least 20 goals each, and it is not uncommon for both teams to score more than 30 goals. This was not true in the earliest history of the game, when the scores were more akin to that of ice hockey[clarification needed]. But, as offensive play has improved since the late 1980s, particularly the use of counterattacks (fast breaks) after a failed attack from the other team, goal scoring has increased. Origins and development There are records of handball-like games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland, in the Middle Ages. By the 19th century, there existed similar games of hà ¥ndbold from Denmark, hà ¡zenà ¡ in the Czech Republic, hà ¡dzanà ¡ in Slovakia, gandbol in Ukraine, torball in Germany, as well as versions in Uruguay. The team handball game of today was formed by the end of the 19th century in northern Europe, primarily Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. Holger Nielsen, a Danish gym teacher, drew up the rules for modern handball (hà ¥ndbold) in 1898 and published them in 1906, and Rasmus Nicolai Ernst, another Danish teacher, did something similar in 1897. Modern Handball is therefore widely considered a game of Danish origins. Another set of team Handball rules was published on 29 October 1917 by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz, and Erich Konigh from Germany. After 1919 these rules were improved by Karl Schelenz. The first international games were played under these rules, between Germany and Belgium for men in 1925 and between Germany and Austria for women in 1930. In 1926, the Congress of the International Amateur Athletics Federation nominated a committee to draw up international rules for field handball. The International Amateur Handball Federation was formed in 1928, and the International Handball Federation was formed in 1946. Mens field handball was played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. During the next several decades, indoor handball flourished and evolved in the Scandinavian countries. The sport re-emerged onto the world stage as team handball for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Womens team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Due to its popularity in the region, the Eastern European countries that refined the event became the dominant force in the sport when it was reintroduced. The International Handball Federation organized the mens world championship in 1938 and every 4 (sometimes 3) years from World War II to 1995. Since the 1995 world championship in Iceland, the competition has been every two years. The womens world championship has been played since 1957. The IHF also organizes womens and mens junior world championships. By July 2009, the IHF listed 166 member federations approximately 795,000 teams and 19 million players. Rules Unless otherwise noted, the rules described are the official international rules[1] provided by the International Handball Federation (IHF). Summary The handball playing field is similar to an indoor soccer field. Two teams of seven players (six field players plus one goalkeeper) take the field and attempt to score points by putting the game ball into the opposing teams goal. In handling the ball, players are subject to the following restrictions: After receiving the ball, players can only hold the ball for three seconds before passing, dribbling (similar to a basketball dribble), or shooting. After receiving the ball, players can take up to three steps without dribbling. If players dribble, they may take an additional three steps. Players that stop dribbling have three seconds to pass or shoot. They may take three additional steps during this time. No players other than the defending goalkeeper are allowed within the goal line (within 6 meters of the goal). Goalkeepers are allowed outside this line. [edit] Playing field Handball is played on a court 40 by 20 metres (130 Ãâ€" 66 ft), with a goal in the center of each end. The goals are surrounded by a near-semicircular area, called the zone or the crease, defined by a line six meters from the goal. A dashed near-semicircular line nine meters from the goal marks the free-throw line. Each line on the court is part of the area it encompasses. This implies that the middle line belongs to both halves at the same time. Goals Each goal has a rectangular clearance area of three meters in the width and two meters in the height. It are be securely bolted either to the floor or the wall behind. The goal posts and the crossbar are be made out of the same material (e.g. wood or aluminium) and feature a quadratic cross section with a side of 8 cm (3 inches). The three sides of the beams visible from the playing field are be painted alternatingly in two contrasting colors which both have to contrast against the background. The colors on both goals are the same. Each goal has to feature a net. This are be fastened in such a way that a ball thrown into does not leave or pass the goal under normal circumstances. If necessary, a second net may be clasped to the back of the net on the inside. Goal perimeter The goals are surrounded by the crease. This area is delimited by two quarter circles with a radius of six meters around the far corners of each goal post and a connecting line parallel to the goal line. Only the defending goalkeeper is allowed inside this perimeter. However, the court players may catch and touch the ball in the air within it as long as the player starts his jump outside the zone and releases the ball before he lands (landing inside the perimeter is allowed in this case). If a player contacts the ground inside the goal perimeter he are take the most direct path out of it. However, should a player cross the zone in an attempt to gain an advantage (e.g. better position) his team cedes the ball. Similarly, violation of the zone by a defending player is only penalized if he does so to gain an advantage in defending. Substitution area Outside of one long edge of the playing field to both sides of the middle line are the substitution areas for each team. The areas usually contain the benches as seating opportunities. Team officials, substitutes and suspended players are wait within this area. The area always lies to the same side as the teams own goal. During half-time substitution areas are swapped. Any player entering or leaving the play are cross the substitution line which is part of the side line and extends 4.5 meters from the middle line to the teams side. Duration Team timeout. A standard match for all teams of 16 and older has two periods of 30 minutes with a 15 minute half-time. Teams switch sides of the court at halftime, as well as benches. For youths the game duration is: 2 x 25 minutes at ages 12 to 16. 2 x 20 minutes at ages 8 to 12. However, national federations of some countries may differ in their implementation from the official guidelines. If a decision are be reached in a particular match (e.g. in a tournament) and it ends in a draw after regular time, there are at maximum two overtimes of 2 x 5 minutes with a 1 minute break each. Should these not decide the game either, the winning team is determined in a penalty shootout (best-of-5 rounds; if still tied, extra rounds afterwards until won by one team). The referees may call timeout according to their sole discretion, typical reasons are injuries, suspensions or court cleaning. Penalty throws should only trigger a timeout for lengthy delays as a change of the goalkeeper. Each team may call one team timeout (TTO) per period which lasts one minute. This right may only be invoked by team in ball possession. To do so, the representative of the team lays a green card marked by black T on the desk of the timekeeper. The timekeeper then immediately interrupts the game by sounding an acoustic signal and stops the time. Referees A Handball match is led by two equal referees.Namely the goal line referee and the court referee. Some national bodies allow games with only a single referee in special cases like illness on short notice. Should the referees disagree on any occasion, a decision is made on mutual agreement during a short timeout, or, in case of punishments, the more severe of the two comes into effect. The referees are obliged to make their decisions on the basis of their observations of facts.[2] Their judgements are final and can only be appealed against if not in compliance with the rules. The referees (blue shirts) keep both teams between them. The referees position themselves in such a way that the team players are confined between them. They stand diagonally aligned so that each can observe one side line. Depending on their positions one is called field referee and the other goal referee. These positions automatically switch on ball turnover. They physically exchange their positions approximately every 10 minutes (long exchange) and change sides every 5 minutes (short exchange). The IHF defines 18 hand signals for quick visual communication with players and officials. The signal for warning or disqualification is accompanied by a yellow or red card, [3] respectively. The referees also use whistle blows to indicate infractions or restart the play. The referees are supported by a scorekeeper and a timekeeper who attend to formal things like keeping track of goals and suspensions or starting and stopping the clock, respectively. They also have an eye on the benches and notify the referees on substitution errors. Their desk is located in between both substitutions areas. Team players, substitutes and officials Each team consists of 7 players on court and up to 7 substitute players on the bench. One player on the court are be the designated goalkeeper differing in his or her clothing from the rest of the field players. Substitution of players can be done in any number and at any time during game play. An exchange takes place over the substitution line. A prior notification of the referees is not necessary. Some national bodies as the Deutscher Handball Bund (DHB, German Handball Federation) allow substitution in junior teams only when in ball possession or during timeouts. This restriction is intended to prevent early specialization of players to offense or defense. Field players Field players are allowed to touch the ball with any part of their bodies above and including the knee. As in several other team sports, a distinction is made between catching and dribbling. A player who is in possession of the ball may stand stationary for only three seconds and may only take three steps. They are then either shoot, pass or dribble the ball. At any time taking more than three steps is considered travelling and results in a turnover. A player may dribble as many times as he wants (though since passing is faster it is the preferred method of attack) as long as during each dribble his hand contacts only the top of the ball. Therefore basketball-style carrying is completely prohibited, and results in a turnover. After the dribble is picked up, the player has the right to another three seconds or three steps. The ball are then be passed or shot as further holding or dribbling will result in a double dribble turnover and a free throw for the other team. Other offensive infractions that result in a turnover include, charging, setting an illegal screen, or carrying the ball into the six meter zone. [edit] Goalkeeper Only the goalkeeper is allowed to move freely within the goal perimeter, although he may not cross the goal perimeter line while carrying or dribbling the ball. Within the zone, he is allowed to touch the ball with all parts of his body including his feet. The goalkeeper may participate in the normal play of his team mates. As he is then considered as normal field player, he is typically substituted for a regular field player if his team uses this scheme to outnumber the defending players. As this player becomes the designated goalkeeper on the court, he are wear some vest or bib to identify himself as such. If the goalkeeper deflects the ball over the outer goal line, his team stays in possession of the ball in contrast to other sports like football. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from within the zone (goalkeeper throw). Passing to your own goalkeeper results in a turnover. Throwing the ball against the head of the goalkeeper when he is not moving is to be punished by disqualification (red card). Team officials Each team is allowed to have a maximum of four team officials seated on the benches. An official is anybody who is neither player nor substitute. One official are be the designated representative who is usually the team manager. The representative may call team timeout once every period and may address scorekeeper, timekeeper and referees. Other officials typically include physicians or managers. Neither official is allowed to enter the playing court without permission of the referees. Ball A size III handball. The ball is spherical and are either be made of leather or a synthetic material. It is not allowed to have a shiny or slippery surface. As it is intended to be operated by a single hand, the official sizes vary depending on age and gender of the participating teams. Size Resin product used to improve ball handling. Though not officially regulated, the ball is usually resinated. The resin improves the ability of the players to manipulate the ball with a single hand like spinning trick shots. Some indoor arenas prohibit the usage of resin since many products leave sticky stains on the floor. Awarded throws The referees may award a special throw to a team. This usually happens after certain events like scored goals, off-court balls, turnovers, timeouts, etc. All of these special throws require the thrower to obtain a certain position and pose restrictions on the positions of all other players. Sometimes the execution are wait for a whistle blow by the referee. Throw-off A throw-off takes place from the center of the court. The thrower are touch the middle line with one foot and all of the other players are be in the half of their team. The defending players are keep a distance of at least three meters to the thrower. A throw-off occurs at the begin of each period and after the opposing team scored a goal. It are be cleared by the referees. Modern Handball introduced the fast throw-off concept, i. e. the play will be immediately restarted by the referees as soon as the executing team fulfilles its requirements. Many teams leverage this rule to score easy goals before the opposition has time to form a stable defense line. Throw-in The team which did not touch the ball last is awarded a throw-in when the ball fully crosses the side line or touches the ceiling. If the ball crosses the outer goal line, a throw-in is only awarded if the defending field players touched the balls last. Execution requires the thrower to place one foot on the nearest outer line to the cause. All defending players are keep a distance of three meters. However, they are allowed to stand immediately outside their own goal area even when the distance is less. Goalkeeper-throw If ball crosses the outer goal line without interference from the defending team or when deflected by their goalkeeper, a goalkeeper-throw is awarded to the defending team. This is the most common turnover. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from anywhere within his goal area. Free-throw A free-throw restarts the play after an interruption by the referees. It takes places from the spot where the interruption was caused as long as this spot is outside of the free-throw line of the opposing team. In the latter case the throw is deferred to the nearest spot on the free-throw line. Free-throws are the equivalent to free-kicks in association football. The thrower may take a direct attempt for a goal which is, however, not feasible if the defending team organized a defense. A 7-meter throw. 7-meter throw A 7-meter throw is awarded when a clear chance of scoring is illegally prevented anywhere on the court by a opposing team player, official or spectator. It is also awarded when the referees interrupted a legitimate scoring chance for any reason. The thrower steps with one foot behind the 7-meter line with only the defending goalkeeper between him and the goal. The goalkeeper are keep a distance of three meters which is marked by a short tick on the floor. All other players are remain behind the free-throw line until execution. The thrower are await the whistle blow of the referee. A 7-meter throw is the equivalent to a penalty kick in association football, it is, however, far more common and typically occurs several times in a single game. Penalties Yellow card shown in a handball match. Penalties are given to players, in progressive format, for fouls that require more punishment than just a free-throw. Actions directed mainly at the opponent and not the ball (such as reaching around, holding, pushing, hitting, tripping, or jumping into opponent) as well as contact from the side or from behind a player are all considered illegal and subject to penalty. Any infraction that prevents a clear scoring opportunity, will result in a seven-meter penalty shot. Typically the referee will give a warning yellow card for an illegal action, but if the contact was particularly dangerous the referee can forego the warning for an immediate two-minute suspension. A player can only get one warning before receiving a two minute suspension. One player is only permitted two 2-minute suspensions; third time he/she will be shown the red card. A red card results in an ejection from the game and a two minute penalty for the team. A player may receive a red card directly for particularly rough penalties. For instance any contact from behind during a fast break is now being treated with a red card. A red carded player has to leave the playing area completely. A player who is disqualified may be substituted with another player after the two minute penalty is served. A Coach/Official can also be penalized progressively. Any coach/official who receives a 2-minute suspension will have to pull out one of his players for two minutes note: the player is not the one punished and can be substituted in again, because the main penalty is the team playing with a man less than the other. After having lost the ball during an attack, the ball has to be laid down quickly or else the player not following this rule will face a 2-minute suspension. Also gesticulating or verbally questioning the referees order, as well as arguing with the officials decisions, will normally result in a 2-minute suspension. If it is done in a very provocative way, a player can be given a double 2-minute suspension if he/she does not walk straight off the field to the bench after being given a suspension, or if the referee deems the tempo deliberately slow. Illegal substitution, any substitution that does not take place in the specified substitution area or where the entering player enters before the exiting player exits is also punishable with a 2 minute suspension. Gameplay Formations Positions of attacking (red) and defending players (blue), in a 5-1 defense formation. (German captions) Players are typically referred to by the position they are playing. The positions are always denoted from the view of the respective goalkeeper, so that a defender on the right opposes an attacker on the left. However, not all of the following positions may be occupied depending on the formation or potential suspensions. Offense Left and right wingman. These typically excel at ball control and wide jumps from the outside of the goal perimeter to get into a better shooting angle at the goal. Teams usually try to occupy the left position with a right-handed player and vice versa. Left and right backcourt. Goal attempts by these players are typically made by jumping high and shooting over the defenders. Thus, it is usually advantageous to have tall players for these positions. Center backcourt. A player with experience is preferred on this position who acts as playmaker and the handball equivalent of a basketball point guard. Pivot (left and right, if applicable). This player tends to intermingle with the defense, setting picks and attempting to disrupt the defense formation. This positions requires the least jumping skills but ball control and physical strength are an advantage. Defense Far left and far right. The opponents of the wingmen. Half left and half right. The opponents of the left and right backcourts. Back center (left and right). Opponent of the pivot. Front center. Opponent of the center backcourt, may also be set against another specific backcourt player. Offensive play Attacks are played with all field players on the side of the defenders. Depending on the speed of the attack, one distinguishes between three attack waves with a decreasing chance of success: Womens Handball a jump shot completes a fastbreak. Mens Handball a jump shot (Kiril Lazarov, world record-holder for the number of goals scored in one World Championship) . First Wave First wave attacks are characterized by the absence of defending players around their goal perimeter. The chance of success is very high, as the throwing player is unhindered in his scoring attempt. Such attacks typically occur after an intercepted pass or a steal and if the defending team can switch fast to offense. The far left/far right will usually try to run the attack as they are not as tightly bound in the defense. On a turnover, they immediately sprint forward and receive the ball halfway to the other goal. Thus, these positions are commonly held by quick players.[citation needed] Second Wave If the first wave is not successful and some defending players gained their positions around the zone, the second wave comes into play: The remaining players advance with quick passes to locally outnumber the retreating defenders. If one player manages to step up to the perimeter or catches the ball at this spot he becomes unstoppable by legal defensive means. From this position the chance of success is naturally very high. Second wave attacks became much more important with the fast throw-off rule.[citation needed] Third Wave The time during which the second wave may be successful is very short, as then the defenders closed the gaps around the zone. In the third wave, the attackers use standardized attack patterns usually involving crossing and passing between the back court players who either try to pass the ball through a gap to their pivot, take a jumping shot from the backcourt at the goal, or lure the defense away from a wingman.[citation needed] The third wave evolves into the normal offensive play when all defenders reach not only the zone but gain their accustomed positions. Some teams then substitute specialized offense players. However, this implies that these players are play in the defense should the opposing team be able to switch quickly to offense. The latter is another benefit for fast playing teams.[citation needed] If the attacking team does not make sufficient progress (eventually releasing a shot on goal), the referees can call passive play (since about 1995, the referee gives a passive warning some time before the actual call by holding one hand up in the air, signaling that the attacking team should release a shot soon), turning control over to the other team. A shot on goal or an infringement leading to a yellow card or two minute penalty will mark the start of a new attack, causing the hand to be taken down, but a shot blocked by the defense or a normal free throw will not. If it were not for this rule, it would be easy for an attacking team to stall the game indefinitely, as it is difficult to intercept a pass without at the same time conceding dangerous openings towards the goal.[citation needed] [edit] Defensive play The usual formations of the defense are 6-0, when all the defense players line up between the 6 meter and 9 meter lines to form a wall; the 5-1, when one of the players cruises outside the 9 meter perimeter, usually targeting the center forwards while the other 5 line up on the six meter line; and the lesser common 4-2 when there are two such defenders out front. Very fast teams will also try a 3-3 formation which is close to a switching man-to-man style. The formations vary greatly from country to country and reflect each countrys style of play. 6-0 is sometimes known as flat defense, and all other formations are usually called offensive defense.[citation needed] Organization Handball teams are usually organized as clubs. On a national level, the clubs are associated in federations which organize matches in leagues and tournaments. International bodies The administrative and controlling body for international Handball is the International Handball Federation (IHF). The federation organizes world championships, separate for men and women, held in uneven years.[4] The final round is hosted in one of its member states. Current title holders are France (men)[5] and Russia (women).[6] The IHF is composed of five continental federations which organize continental championships held every other second year. In addition to these competitions between national teams, the federations arrange international tournaments between club teams.[7] The federations and their corresponding tournaments and members are summarized in the following table: International Handball Federation (IHF) Championship World Mens Handball Championship – World Womens Handball Championship Club Super Globe Members Asia – Asian Handball Federation (AHF) Championship Asian Womens Handball Championship – Asian Mens Handball Championship Club Asian Club League Handball Championship Members Afghanistan †¢ Bahrain †¢ Bangladesh †¢ China †¢ Chinese Taipei †¢ Hong Kong †¢ India †¢ Iran †¢ Iraq †¢ Japan †¢ Jordan †¢ Kazakhstan †¢ Kuwait †¢ Kyrgyzstan †¢ Lebanon †¢ Macau †¢ Malaysia †¢ Mongolia †¢ Nepal †¢ North Korea †¢ Oman †¢ Pakistan †¢ Palestinian Authority †¢ Philippines †¢ Qatar †¢ Saudi Arabia †¢ South Korea †¢ Syria †¢ Tajikistan †¢ Thailand †¢ Turkmenistan †¢ United Arab Emirates †¢ Uzbekistan †¢ Vietnam †¢ Yemen Africa – Confà ©dà ©ration Africaine de Handball (CAHB) Championship African Handball Nations Championship Club Champions League – Cup Winners Cup Members Algeria †¢ Angola †¢ Burundi †¢ Benin †¢ Cameroon †¢ Republic of Cape Verde †¢ Central African Republic †¢ Chad †¢ Comoros †¢ Congo †¢ Democratic Republic of the Congo †¢ Djibouti †¢ Egypt †¢ Ethiopia †¢ Gabon †¢ Gambia †¢ Ghana †¢ Guinea †¢ Guinea-Bissau †¢ Ivory Coast †¢ Kenya †¢ Lesotho †¢ Liberia †¢ Libya †¢ Madagascar †¢ Mali †¢ Mauritania †¢ Mauritius †¢ Morocco †¢ Mozambique †¢ Namibia †¢ Nigeria †¢ Niger †¢ Rwanda †¢ Senegal †¢ Seychelles †¢ Sierra Leone †¢ Somalia †¢ South Africa †¢ Sudan †¢ Tanzania †¢ Togo †¢ Tunisia †¢ Uganda †¢ Zambia †¢ Zimbabwe Pan-America – Pan-American Team Handball Federation (PATHF) Championship American Handball Championship Members Argentina †¢ Barbados †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Chile †¢ Colombia †¢ Costa Rica †¢ Cuba †¢ Dominican Republic †¢ Ecuador †¢ El Salvador †¢ Greenland †¢ Guatemala †¢ Haiti †¢ Honduras †¢ Mexico †¢ Nicaragua †¢ Panama †¢ Paraguay †¢ Puerto Rico †¢ Trinidad and Tobago †¢ United States †¢ Uruguay †¢ Venezuela Oceania – Oceania Handball Federation (OHF) Championship Oceania Handball Nations Cup Club Oceania Champions Cup Members Australia †¢ Cook Islands †¢ New Zealand †¢ Samoa †¢ Vanuatu †¢ French Polynesia †¢ New Caledonia †¢ Wallis and Futuna Europe – European Handball Federation (EHF) Championship European Womens Handball Championship – European Mens Handball Championship Club Women Champions League †¢ Cup Winners Cup †¢ EHF Cup †¢ Challenge Cup †¢ Champions Trophy Men Champions League †¢ Cup Winners Cup †¢ EHF Cup †¢ Challenge Cup †¢ Champions Trophy Members Albania †¢ Armenia †¢ Austria †¢ Azerbaijan †¢ Belarus †¢ Belgium †¢ Bosnia and Herzegovina †¢ Bulgaria †¢ Croatia †¢ Cyprus †¢ Czech Republic †¢ Denmark †¢ England †¢ Estonia †¢ Faroe Islands †¢ Finland †¢ France †¢ Georgia †¢ Germany †¢ Greece †¢ Hungary †¢ Iceland †¢ Ireland †¢ Israel †¢ Italy †¢ Latvia †¢ Liechtenstein †¢ Lithuania †¢ Luxembourg †¢ Macedonia †¢ Malta †¢ Moldova †¢ Monaco †¢ Montenegro †¢ Netherlands †¢ Norway †¢ Poland †¢ Portugal †¢ Romania †¢ Russia †¢ Scotland †¢ Serbia †¢ Slovakia †¢ Slovenia †¢ Spain †¢ Sweden †¢ Switzerland †¢ Turkey †¢ Ukraine †¢ Great Britain †¢ Kosovo Handball is an olympic sport played during the Summer Olympics.[8] It is also played during the Pan American Games,[9] All-Africa Games,[10] an d Asian Games.[8] National competitions Bosnia and Herzegovina: Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia: Croatian First League of Handball Czech : Zubr extraliga Denmark: GuldBageren Ligaen, Jack Jones Ligaen France: Ligue Nationale de Handball Germany: Handball-Bundesliga Greece: Greek Mens handball championship Hungary: Nemzeti Bajnoksà ¡g I (men), Nemzeti Bajnoksà ¡g I (women) Iceland: N1 deildin Montenegro: First League (men), First League (women), Second League (women) Poland: Polish Ekstraklasa Mens Handball League, Polish Ekstraklasa Womens Handball League Portugal: Liga Portuguesa de Andebol, Divisà £o de Elite Romania: Liga NaÃ… £ionalÄÆ' (men), Liga NaÃ… £ionalÄÆ' (women) Scotland: Scottish Handball League Serbia: Serbian First League of Handball Slovakia: Slovenskà ¡ hadzanà ¡rska extraliga Slovenia: Slovenian First League of Handball, Handball Cup of Slovenia Spain: Liga ASOBAL, Divisià ³n de Plata de Balonmano Sweden: Elitserien Turkey: Turkish Handball Super League United States: U.S. intercollegiate handball championships Commemorative coins Handball commemorative coin Handball events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors coins. One of the recent samples is the â‚ ¬10 Greek Handball commemorative coin, minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics. On the coin, the modern athlete directs the ball in his hands towards his target, while in the background the ancient athlete is just about to throw a ball, in a game known as cheirosphaira, in a representation taken from a black-figure pottery vase of the Archaic period. References : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_handball

Evolution of Leadership

Evolution of Leadership Amber Goshe An Evolution of Leadership In order to thrive in the realm of leadership, companies and individual departments have started to recognize that leadership must be adaptable, continuous, and be able to play various roles to create synergy in the work place. Quantum leadership and the path-goal leadership theory are discussed in this paper, as well as, the benefits and limitations of both theories in an organizational environment. A real workplace scenario is presented with a discussion of the type of conflict presented, in addition to, strategies that could be used in addressing the issue at hand. Quantum Leadership Quantum leadership is chaotic and is based on principles of physics and constant change and transformation. It is always changing and evolving. Therefore, the leader’s role is focused on understanding the intricacy of the change and then transforming it into a way that can be understood by those it affects (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). By evaluating a change and anticipating change, a quantum leader can project to see where the change is going (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). The theory focuses on adaptation, integration, interaction, and prediction (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Quantum leadership is not based on a hierarchy. It views an organization and its members as interrelated team members that is better served through collaboration (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Quantum leadership emphasizes the importance of the relationships between individuals in the organization rather than focusing on solely the individual. Leaders and the people they lead have to be comfortable with ambiguity and the challenges brought forth by continuous change (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Quantum leaders must be vulnerable and open to different realities but also be aware of their limitations (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Quantum leadership also embraces values for individuals and groups within the organization. There is an emotional investment that is important because it provides a perspective of ownership and integrity and should be visible because values stand out by a person’s actions every day (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Also, shared basic underlying assumptions in quantum leadership define the invisible culture and determine what makes the organization function every day (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Yet, these are basic and highly influential in a group’s behavior. This often goes overlooked until someone oversteps on one and then it usually comes out as frustration expressed by a team member that identifies the violation (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). The artifacts in the culture address the things someone first comes into contact with an organization and therefore it is easy to see what one encounters but it is hard to decipher the true meaning of the culture (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Another assumption includes beliefs and values including the goals, identified goals and spoken values (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). These assumptions can be driven by groups or by individuals who have influence inside the institute. However, it can be challenging to make these underlying assumptions visible and used to add value. Quantum leadership focuses on the process and embraces that it is indefinite and limitless and does not place emphasis solely on the results and how one gets there. Quantum leadership embraces finding potential. It is not always controllable or predictable and that is a good thing because a leader should become worried once everything becomes predictable (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Quantum leadership lets go of control and opens up the opportunity for various leadership styles to emerge to align the motivation between team members (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). It emphasizes collaboration between members and building upon others strengths but knowing their weaknesses and limitations. Quantum leadership instills meaning into leadership but it does have its own action plans. The action plans within the organization, however, do focus on accomplishing goals appropriately and meaningfully (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). The group must have good communication and interaction within the organization to accelerate success which can be aligned by the leader. The individual’s interest in the organization is also taken into account (Malloch Porter O’Grady, 2009). Path-Goal Theory The path-goal theory is based on identifying a leader’s motivation or style that best suits the employee to facilitate goal achievement. This theory focuses on three main aspects of leadership which include the leader, the subordinate or the secondary, and the environment (Alanazi Rasli, 2013). The characteristics of the subordinate include their own perception of their abilities and control and leaders can adapt to this perception by approaching the leadership from different angles based on their understanding. Characteristics of the environment focus on the structure of the task and the work group. This behavior enables the employee to become empowered, it increases their motivation, and improves employee satisfaction which assists the employee in being a productive member of the institute (Wofford Liska, 1993). A main concept of the path-goal theory is that the leaders will make rewards available in order to motivate their subordinates (Wofford Liska, 1993). These rewards can be adaptable and dependent on the situation at hand which makes the leader vulnerable to opening up to acclimation. In this theory, various different styles of leadership are used for different situations. There are four original types of leadership behaviors in the path-goal theory which include directive, supportive, participative, and achievement oriented. In directive leadership, the leader is specific and gives directions to the followers about what needs to be done and includes details on how it should be done, the expectations, and when it needs to be done (Alanazi Rasli, 2013). The leader will still provide guidance along the way. This style of leadership can be used when dealing with a complex or unstructured task of if the subordinate is inexperienced (Alanazi Rasli, 2013). The second leadership behavior is supportive leadership. In this style, the needs and well-being of the subordinate is taken into consideration, as well as, creating an approachable work environment (Alanazi Rasli, 2013). This is a larger focus than completing the task at hand. This style may be used when the task is boring or puts the subordinate at risk for physical or psychological distress.The third style of leader behavior is participative. In this style, the subordinates are consulted in the process and those ideas can be used when making decisions (Alanazi Rasli, 2013). The subordinate’s opinion is highly respected in this style and often this can be used when the subordinates are the experts of the content matter. The fourth style of leader behavior is the achievement oriented leader. In this behavior, high expectations are set for the subordinates and challenging goals are set. A high level of performance is expected from the subordinates is expected while the leade r instills confidence in their abilities (Wofford Liska, 1993). The path-goal theory is flexible in that the leader adapts to the subordinate, taking into consideration the environment and task at hand. This situational framework is strength for understanding how various leader behaviors affect the efficiency and satisfaction of the workers. It also incorporates motivation principles of the expectancy theory (Alanazi Rasli, 2013). However, it can also be complex to try to integrate many different aspects of leadership. Comparing Quantum Leadership and Path-Goal Theory One major difference between quantum leadership and the Path-Goal theory is control. The quantum leader is about aligning motivation between team members and is open to different views on a subject. The path-goal theory focuses on discovering the best behaviors for subordinates and attempts to control subordinates behavior with incentives. Also, the path-goal theory refers to subordinates indicating a hierarchal system where the quantum leader focuses on horizontal communication (). Yet, a similarity is that the leader in the path-goal theory works to facilitate task achievement for the followers and in quantum leadership the leader is focusing on aligning motivation between other team members which results in task achievement. However, quantum leadership is always continuously evolving and is a process, whereas in the path-goal theory there is a specific goal and expectancies on how to get from point a to b. Conflict Scenario In 2010, I started working as a radiographer at Nationwide Children’s hospital. Before starting my new position, I had worked as a student assistant in the radiology department and I was now a peer to those who had been over me. While running images for a fellow co-worker, I noticed she would withhold images to â€Å"run† them herself. As I observed my co-worker and her method, I noticed she was deleting images when there was likely potential for motion. One day, an image was deleted after the wrong radiograph had been taken. A forearm was taken instead of an elbow and the forearm radiograph was deleted. After the elbow came back negative, the physician ordered a forearm and therefore the patient was exposed twice for the same picture unnecessarily. I found this odd, since in every other aspect my co-worker upheld patient safety and often advocated for it. The reject image rate which is calculated for patient safety is based off the images rejected in the computer syste m. Since there were images not being accounted for, an inaccurate portrayal of data occurred. When my co-worker was confronted, she stated that the information from those images was not beneficial for the department and claimed she was unaware that it held any wrongdoing. In my opinion, this is a data-based conflict due to the lack of information and limited access to information. There is some value based conflict components presented in the scenario but the big picture is that data is not being collected and therefore it is affecting patient safety. Since that information would be extremely important for the effectiveness of the department and patient safety, certain measures or in-services were not being implemented based upon false information. The clinical work suffers as a result of not acquiring the appropriate information (54). The information and how it is generated, as well as, how it is distributed and the importance of it all have an impact on the effectiveness of the organization, as well as, its integrity (55). As a quantum leader in this situation, one would need to ensure that proper processes and generation of information are set in place and appropriately structured within the organization. To address the issue presented in the scenario, as a quantum leader I would want to get a basic understanding of the issues at hand and hear from the co-worker their issue with the process put into play, ask her to clarify her reasoning for why the information is not beneficial to the department, and what her feelings are on the issue. I would want to know if she has fear about running images that have â€Å"mistakes† on them and why. I would bring up patient safety with the co-worker for common ground. I would discuss with the co-worker how I praise her advocacy of patient safety in all other aspects and ask her to reflect on the situation to determine if there were patient safety issues involved. Also, this conversation would need to be done in a safe place so she felt open to discussing the conflict at hand. Throughout the conversation, I would discuss expectations for patient safety and assure the co-worker that the data collection system put in place is for the patient safety and for the employees. That information is not used to get employees into trouble, but to help determine in a non-blame way, what could be done in the future to prevent unnecessary exposures to patients. Agreements would need to be made on the process of data collection and a plan to follow-up on the agreement action (). References Alanazi, T.R. Rasli, A.M. (2013). Overview of path-goal leadership theory. Comprehensive Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, 1(1), 01-06. Malloch, K. Porter O’Grady, T. (2009). The quantum leader: Applications for the new world of work (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Wofford, J.C. Liska, L.Z. (1993). Path-goal theories of leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal Of Management, 19(4), 857-876.

McDonalds :: essays papers

McDonalds This is an exciting and interesting essay to write for a number of reasons. For one it's an honour to make a research on one of the most profitable societies of the world, for second because the kindness of McDonald's employees and the precision of McDonald's Web site, are perfect sources for all kind of information that can help analyse through Porter's value chain, all the aspects of its value creation. In the late 1940s, Dick and Mac McDonalds were searching for a way to improve their little drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California, U.S.A.; they invented an entirely new concept based upon speed service, low prices, and big volumes. Word of its success spread quickly, in 1952 they had more than 300 franchising inquires a month from all over the country. McDonald's is now the largest and best-known foodservice retailer and one of the two best-known and powerful brands in the market. With more than 24,500 restaurants in 115 countries, some of those operated by the company, some by franchisees or by affiliates operating under joint-venture agreements. The global market potential is still huge: yet on any day, even as the market leader, McDonald's serves less than one percent of the world's population. The restaurant chain plans to expand their leadership position through convenience, superior value and excellent operations. The effort to increase market share, profita! bility and customer satisfaction has produced high returns to shareholders: a compound annual total earning of 21% over the past 10 years. McDonald's vision is to dominate the world-wide foodservice industry. Universal dominance means setting the performance standard for customer satisfaction and increasing market share and profitability through successful fulfilling McDonald's convenience, value and execution strategies. A precise way of considering McDonald's' role of operations is through Porter's value chain analysis. The Value chain breaks down the firm into its strategically relevant activities, in order to understand the behaviour of costs and the existing or potential sources of differentiation. A firm gains competitive advantage by performing these strategically important activities more cheaply or better than its rivals. For a company which feeds some 38 millions clients every day, finding a reliable quality supplies is a major factor for success. McDonald's has solved the problem by making food supplies part of their success. McDonald's distributors are strategically to be accessible to the each restaurant and carry practically everything, from meat and potatoes to lightbulbs. Coca-Cola, the right well-known drink, has been with McDonald's from the beginning supplying beverages. McDonald's is increasingly using its leverage to capitalise upon global purchasing practices. New restaurants throughout Europe feature tabletops from Belgium; chairs, floors and tiles from Italy; doors from Austria etc.